????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? The Status of Arabic Language, the Cultural Situation, and the Emergence of Arabic Literature in the State of Chad. (2023). El-Jaudah : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 4(2), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.56874/ej.v4i2.1429