????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? The Status of Arabic Language, the Cultural Situation, and the Emergence of Arabic Literature in the State of Chad. El-Jaudah: J. Pendidik. Bhs. dan Sastra Arab [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 21 [cited 2026 Jul. 22];4(2):25-39. Available from: https://jurnal.stain-madina.ac.id/index.php/ej/article/view/1429