FROM REVIEW TO REFLECTION: EXPLORING STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON CRITIQUING ACADEMIC ARTICLES
Keywords:
Critical Reading, Academic Article, Reflective Critique, Higher Education
Abstract
This study investigates perceptions of, attitudes toward, challenges in, and how critique is influencing students’ academic and reflective growth. Data were collected according to a mixed-methods study design through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 25 undergraduate students enrolled in a Critical Reading course at Universitas Samudra. It has been found that appreciation by the students of the significance of critique in building critical thinking, analytical reasoning, and academic writing exists, but they find it challenging to handle complex terminologies, identifying arguments, and being objective. Time also seems to be a limiting factor. Students perceive that guided practice, group discussion, and further practice would make them more competent in critiquing. The literature addresses the need for learning processes that enable students to transition from recapitulation to critical thinking, and eventually to more intellectual engagement and confidence in scholarship. The literature guides the overarching argument about critical reading and its role in college learning.
References
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Adhikari, N. (2023). The Use of Critical Thinking for Organizational Decisions. GS WOW: Wisdom of Worthy for Madhesh Province, 1, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.62078/grks.2023.v01i01.007
Almulla, M. A., & Al-Rahmi, W. M. (2023). Integrated Social Cognitive Theory with Learning Input Factors: The Effects of Problem-Solving Skills and Critical Thinking Skills on Learning Performance Sustainability. Sustainability, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15053978
Alt, D., Raichel, N., & Naamati-Schneider, L. (2022). Higher Education Students’ Reflective Journal Writing and Lifelong Learning Skills: Insights From an Exploratory Sequential Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707168
Awidi, I. T., & Klutsey, J. Q. (2024). Using Online Critical Reflection to Enhance Students’ Confidence, Motivation, and Engagement in Higher Education. Technology, Knowledge and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09751-4
Bakhshandeh, B. (2021). A Dissertation in Workforce Education and Development.
Barbashina, E. (2022). Critical Thinking in the System of Higher Education Abroad. Ideas and Ideals, 14(4–1), 120–136. https://doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2022-14.4.1-120-136
Chan, C. K. Y., & Lee, K. K. W. (2021). Reflection literacy: A multilevel perspective on the challenges of using reflections in higher education through a comprehensive literature review. In Educational Research Review (Vol. 32). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100376
Chukwuere, J. E. (2024a). Critical Research Thinking: A Recipe for Academic Writing Success and Publications. https://doi.org/10.32388/KNWPUJ
Chukwuere, J. E. (2024b). Critical Research Thinking: A Recipe for Academic Writing Success and Publications. https://doi.org/10.32388/KNWPUJ
Clark, C. T., Chrisman, A., & Lewis, S. G. (2022). (Un)Standardizing Emotions: An Ethical Critique of Social and Emotional Learning Standards. Teachers College Record, 124(7), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/01614681221111432
Demircioglu, T., Karakus, M., & Ucar, S. (2023). Developing Students’ Critical Thinking Skills and Argumentation Abilities Through Augmented Reality–Based Argumentation Activities in Science Classes. Science and Education, 32(4), 1165–1195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-022-00369-5
Dienichieva, O. I., Komogorova, M. I., Lukianchuk, S. F., Teletska, L. I., & Yankovska, I. M. (2024). From Reflection to Self-assessment: Methods of Developing Critical Thinking in Students. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 24(7), 148. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2024.24.7.18
Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2014). An integrated critical thinking framework for the 21st century. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.12.004
Evdash, V. M., & Zhuravleva, N. N. (2020). Strategies for overcoming university researchers’ writer’s block. Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii, 29(7), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-7-80-88
Friedman, H. H. (2017). Cognitive Biases that Interfere with Critical Thinking and Scientific Reasoning: A Course Module. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2958800
Golden, B. (2023). Enabling critical thinking development in higher education through the use of a structured planning tool. Irish Educational Studies, 42(4), 949–969. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2023.2258497
Hanscomb, S. (2023). Critical Thinking: The Basics (2nd edition). Routledge.
Harvey, M., Walkerden, G., Semple, A., McLachlan, K., Lloyd, K., & Bosanquet, A. (2025). Reflecting on reflective practice: issues, possibilities and guidance principles. In Higher Education Research and Development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2025.2463517
Karanja, L. (2021). Teaching critical thinking in a college-level writing course: A critical reflection International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET) (Vol. 8, Issue 1).
Katajamäki, H. (2020). Terminological Problems in Academic Writing: A Study of Texts Written by University Students. VAKKI Publications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.70484/vakki.149312
Khusna, A. H. (2021). Scaffolding Based Learning: Strategies for Developing Reflective Thinking Skills (A Case Study on Random Variable Material in Mathematics Statistics Courses). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1940(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1940/1/012093
Kovpik, S. (2023). Development of students’ critical thinking abilities through active literary analysis approaches. Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology, 11(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2023.01.03
Kuhn, D. (2019). Critical Thinking as Discourse. Human Development, 62, 146–164. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:197704266
Latifi, S., Noroozi, O., Hatami, J., & Biemans, H. J. A. (2021). How does online peer feedback improve argumentative essay writing and learning? Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 58(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2019.1687005
Lee, S., & Carter, R. (2022). Developing Critical Thinking in Higher Education: Tools and Techniques. Springer.
Li, L., Ismail, S. M., Patra, I., & Lami, D. (2024). Not a passive learner but an active one: a focus on the efficacy of philosophy-based language instruction and its consequences on EFL learners’ critical thinking, engagement, and academic achievement. BMC Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01648-2
Man, D., Kong, B., & Chau, M. H. (2022). Developing Student Feedback Literacy Through Peer Review Training. RELC Journal, 55(2), 408–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221078380
Mascarenhas, O. A. J., Thakur, M., & Kumar, P. (2023). Critical Thinkers and Practical Models of Critical Thinking. In A Primer on Critical Thinking and Business Ethics (pp. 81–115). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-308-420231004
Mohamed Nor, H., & Sihes, A. J. (2021). Critical Thinking Skills in Education: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i11/11529
Overmann, K. A. (2025). Writing as an extended cognitive system. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/9znr4
Penggabean, M. S., Cendana, W., & Ani, Y. (2023). The Influence of Reflective Journals on Critical Thinking Ability of Students. DIDAKTIKA TAUHIDI: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 10(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.30997/dt.v10i1.5569
Rho, J., & Van Veen, B. (2025). Supporting engineering students’ representational competencies in individual and collaborative learning settings. Journal of Engineering Education, 114. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20631
Rivas, S. F., Saiz, C., & Ossa, C. (2022). Metacognitive Strategies and Development of Critical Thinking in Higher Education. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913219
Salem, A. A. M. S. (2016). Scaffolding Reading Comprehension Skills. English Language Teaching, 10(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n1p97
Sari, D. M. M., & Prasetyo, Y. (2021). Project-based-learning on critical reading course to enhance critical thinking skills. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(2), 442–456. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i2.18407
Shin, J., & Choi, J. (2024). The Effect of Writing a Reflective Learning Journal on Academic Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning Ability and Changes in Learning Experiences of College Students. Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, 24, 385–403. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.24.385
Smith, J. , & Brown, T. (2021). Mixed-Methods Research in Education: Theory and Practice. . Sage Publications.
Southworth, J. (2022). Bridging critical thinking and transformative learning: The role of perspective-taking. Theory and Research in Education, 20(1), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/14778785221090853
Sudirman, A., Gemilang, A. V., Adi Kristanto, T. M., Robiasih, R. H., Hikmah, I., Nugroho, A. D., Karjono, J. C. S., Lestari, T., Widyarini, T. L., Prastanti, A. D., Susanto, M. R., & Rais, B. (2024a). Reinforcing Reflective Practice through Reflective Writing in Higher Education: A Systematic Review. In International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research (Vol. 23, Issue 5, pp. 454–474). Society for Research and Knowledge Management. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.5.24
Sudirman, A., Gemilang, A. V., Adi Kristanto, T. M., Robiasih, R. H., Hikmah, I., Nugroho, A. D., Karjono, J. C. S., Lestari, T., Widyarini, T. L., Prastanti, A. D., Susanto, M. R., & Rais, B. (2024b). Reinforcing Reflective Practice through Reflective Writing in Higher Education: A Systematic Review. In International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research (Vol. 23, Issue 5, pp. 454–474). Society for Research and Knowledge Management. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.5.24
Thompson, C. (2021). Reflective Practice for Professional Development. In Reflective Practice for Professional Development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003056812
Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J. M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., Feybesse, C., Sundquist, D., & Lubart, T. (2023). Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education. In Journal of Intelligence (Vol. 11, Issue 3). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030054
van Klink, B. (2023). Critical Thinking in Academic Legal Education. Law and Method. https://doi.org/10.5553/rem/.000076
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Development of Higher Psychological Processes (M. Cole, V. Jolm-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4
Wolters, C. A., & Brady, A. C. (2021). College Students’ Time Management: a Self-Regulated Learning Perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 33(4), 1319–1351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09519-z
Yaacob, A., Mohd Asraf, R., Hussain, R. M. R., & Ismail, S. N. (2020). Empowering Learners’ Reflective Thinking through Collaborative Reflective Learning. International Journal of Instruction, 14(1), 709–726. https://doi.org/10.29333/IJI.2021.14143A
Yeh, H.-C., Yang, S., Fu, J. S., & Shih, Y.-C. (2023). Developing college students’ critical thinking through reflective writing. Higher Education Research & Development, 42(1), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2022.2043247
Yeh, H. C., Yang, S. hsien, Fu, J. S., & Shih, Y. C. (2023). Developing college students’ critical thinking through reflective writing. Higher Education Research and Development, 42(1), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2022.2043247
Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, O., Beck, K., Fischer, J., Braunheim, D., Schmidt, S., & Shavelson, R. (2020). The Role of Students’ Beliefs When Critically Reasoning From Multiple Contradictory Sources of Information in Performance Assessments. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2192. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02192
Zulyusri, Z., Elfira, I., Lufri, L., & Santosa, T. A. (2023). Literature Study: Utilization of the PjBL Model in Science Education to Improve Creativity and Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i1.2555
Adhikari, N. (2023). The Use of Critical Thinking for Organizational Decisions. GS WOW: Wisdom of Worthy for Madhesh Province, 1, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.62078/grks.2023.v01i01.007
Almulla, M. A., & Al-Rahmi, W. M. (2023). Integrated Social Cognitive Theory with Learning Input Factors: The Effects of Problem-Solving Skills and Critical Thinking Skills on Learning Performance Sustainability. Sustainability, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15053978
Alt, D., Raichel, N., & Naamati-Schneider, L. (2022). Higher Education Students’ Reflective Journal Writing and Lifelong Learning Skills: Insights From an Exploratory Sequential Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707168
Awidi, I. T., & Klutsey, J. Q. (2024). Using Online Critical Reflection to Enhance Students’ Confidence, Motivation, and Engagement in Higher Education. Technology, Knowledge and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09751-4
Bakhshandeh, B. (2021). A Dissertation in Workforce Education and Development.
Barbashina, E. (2022). Critical Thinking in the System of Higher Education Abroad. Ideas and Ideals, 14(4–1), 120–136. https://doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2022-14.4.1-120-136
Chan, C. K. Y., & Lee, K. K. W. (2021). Reflection literacy: A multilevel perspective on the challenges of using reflections in higher education through a comprehensive literature review. In Educational Research Review (Vol. 32). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100376
Chukwuere, J. E. (2024a). Critical Research Thinking: A Recipe for Academic Writing Success and Publications. https://doi.org/10.32388/KNWPUJ
Chukwuere, J. E. (2024b). Critical Research Thinking: A Recipe for Academic Writing Success and Publications. https://doi.org/10.32388/KNWPUJ
Clark, C. T., Chrisman, A., & Lewis, S. G. (2022). (Un)Standardizing Emotions: An Ethical Critique of Social and Emotional Learning Standards. Teachers College Record, 124(7), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/01614681221111432
Demircioglu, T., Karakus, M., & Ucar, S. (2023). Developing Students’ Critical Thinking Skills and Argumentation Abilities Through Augmented Reality–Based Argumentation Activities in Science Classes. Science and Education, 32(4), 1165–1195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-022-00369-5
Dienichieva, O. I., Komogorova, M. I., Lukianchuk, S. F., Teletska, L. I., & Yankovska, I. M. (2024). From Reflection to Self-assessment: Methods of Developing Critical Thinking in Students. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 24(7), 148. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2024.24.7.18
Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2014). An integrated critical thinking framework for the 21st century. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.12.004
Evdash, V. M., & Zhuravleva, N. N. (2020). Strategies for overcoming university researchers’ writer’s block. Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii, 29(7), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-7-80-88
Friedman, H. H. (2017). Cognitive Biases that Interfere with Critical Thinking and Scientific Reasoning: A Course Module. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2958800
Golden, B. (2023). Enabling critical thinking development in higher education through the use of a structured planning tool. Irish Educational Studies, 42(4), 949–969. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2023.2258497
Hanscomb, S. (2023). Critical Thinking: The Basics (2nd edition). Routledge.
Harvey, M., Walkerden, G., Semple, A., McLachlan, K., Lloyd, K., & Bosanquet, A. (2025). Reflecting on reflective practice: issues, possibilities and guidance principles. In Higher Education Research and Development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2025.2463517
Karanja, L. (2021). Teaching critical thinking in a college-level writing course: A critical reflection International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET) (Vol. 8, Issue 1).
Katajamäki, H. (2020). Terminological Problems in Academic Writing: A Study of Texts Written by University Students. VAKKI Publications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.70484/vakki.149312
Khusna, A. H. (2021). Scaffolding Based Learning: Strategies for Developing Reflective Thinking Skills (A Case Study on Random Variable Material in Mathematics Statistics Courses). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1940(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1940/1/012093
Kovpik, S. (2023). Development of students’ critical thinking abilities through active literary analysis approaches. Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology, 11(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2023.01.03
Kuhn, D. (2019). Critical Thinking as Discourse. Human Development, 62, 146–164. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:197704266
Latifi, S., Noroozi, O., Hatami, J., & Biemans, H. J. A. (2021). How does online peer feedback improve argumentative essay writing and learning? Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 58(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2019.1687005
Lee, S., & Carter, R. (2022). Developing Critical Thinking in Higher Education: Tools and Techniques. Springer.
Li, L., Ismail, S. M., Patra, I., & Lami, D. (2024). Not a passive learner but an active one: a focus on the efficacy of philosophy-based language instruction and its consequences on EFL learners’ critical thinking, engagement, and academic achievement. BMC Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01648-2
Man, D., Kong, B., & Chau, M. H. (2022). Developing Student Feedback Literacy Through Peer Review Training. RELC Journal, 55(2), 408–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221078380
Mascarenhas, O. A. J., Thakur, M., & Kumar, P. (2023). Critical Thinkers and Practical Models of Critical Thinking. In A Primer on Critical Thinking and Business Ethics (pp. 81–115). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-308-420231004
Mohamed Nor, H., & Sihes, A. J. (2021). Critical Thinking Skills in Education: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i11/11529
Overmann, K. A. (2025). Writing as an extended cognitive system. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/9znr4
Penggabean, M. S., Cendana, W., & Ani, Y. (2023). The Influence of Reflective Journals on Critical Thinking Ability of Students. DIDAKTIKA TAUHIDI: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 10(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.30997/dt.v10i1.5569
Rho, J., & Van Veen, B. (2025). Supporting engineering students’ representational competencies in individual and collaborative learning settings. Journal of Engineering Education, 114. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20631
Rivas, S. F., Saiz, C., & Ossa, C. (2022). Metacognitive Strategies and Development of Critical Thinking in Higher Education. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913219
Salem, A. A. M. S. (2016). Scaffolding Reading Comprehension Skills. English Language Teaching, 10(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n1p97
Sari, D. M. M., & Prasetyo, Y. (2021). Project-based-learning on critical reading course to enhance critical thinking skills. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(2), 442–456. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i2.18407
Shin, J., & Choi, J. (2024). The Effect of Writing a Reflective Learning Journal on Academic Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning Ability and Changes in Learning Experiences of College Students. Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, 24, 385–403. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.24.385
Smith, J. , & Brown, T. (2021). Mixed-Methods Research in Education: Theory and Practice. . Sage Publications.
Southworth, J. (2022). Bridging critical thinking and transformative learning: The role of perspective-taking. Theory and Research in Education, 20(1), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/14778785221090853
Sudirman, A., Gemilang, A. V., Adi Kristanto, T. M., Robiasih, R. H., Hikmah, I., Nugroho, A. D., Karjono, J. C. S., Lestari, T., Widyarini, T. L., Prastanti, A. D., Susanto, M. R., & Rais, B. (2024a). Reinforcing Reflective Practice through Reflective Writing in Higher Education: A Systematic Review. In International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research (Vol. 23, Issue 5, pp. 454–474). Society for Research and Knowledge Management. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.5.24
Sudirman, A., Gemilang, A. V., Adi Kristanto, T. M., Robiasih, R. H., Hikmah, I., Nugroho, A. D., Karjono, J. C. S., Lestari, T., Widyarini, T. L., Prastanti, A. D., Susanto, M. R., & Rais, B. (2024b). Reinforcing Reflective Practice through Reflective Writing in Higher Education: A Systematic Review. In International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research (Vol. 23, Issue 5, pp. 454–474). Society for Research and Knowledge Management. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.5.24
Thompson, C. (2021). Reflective Practice for Professional Development. In Reflective Practice for Professional Development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003056812
Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J. M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., Feybesse, C., Sundquist, D., & Lubart, T. (2023). Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education. In Journal of Intelligence (Vol. 11, Issue 3). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030054
van Klink, B. (2023). Critical Thinking in Academic Legal Education. Law and Method. https://doi.org/10.5553/rem/.000076
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Development of Higher Psychological Processes (M. Cole, V. Jolm-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4
Wolters, C. A., & Brady, A. C. (2021). College Students’ Time Management: a Self-Regulated Learning Perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 33(4), 1319–1351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09519-z
Yaacob, A., Mohd Asraf, R., Hussain, R. M. R., & Ismail, S. N. (2020). Empowering Learners’ Reflective Thinking through Collaborative Reflective Learning. International Journal of Instruction, 14(1), 709–726. https://doi.org/10.29333/IJI.2021.14143A
Yeh, H.-C., Yang, S., Fu, J. S., & Shih, Y.-C. (2023). Developing college students’ critical thinking through reflective writing. Higher Education Research & Development, 42(1), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2022.2043247
Yeh, H. C., Yang, S. hsien, Fu, J. S., & Shih, Y. C. (2023). Developing college students’ critical thinking through reflective writing. Higher Education Research and Development, 42(1), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2022.2043247
Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, O., Beck, K., Fischer, J., Braunheim, D., Schmidt, S., & Shavelson, R. (2020). The Role of Students’ Beliefs When Critically Reasoning From Multiple Contradictory Sources of Information in Performance Assessments. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2192. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02192
Zulyusri, Z., Elfira, I., Lufri, L., & Santosa, T. A. (2023). Literature Study: Utilization of the PjBL Model in Science Education to Improve Creativity and Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i1.2555
Published
2025-06-18
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Arif Sanjaya (Author)
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