Kecakapan Menerima Hak Dan Melakukan Perbuatan Hukum Dalam Tinjauan Ushul Fiqh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56874/el-ahli.v1i1.66Abstract
Abstrak
Kecakapan hukum merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam segala bidang hukum, karena setiap perbuatan hukum memerlukan kecakapan hukum. Jika seseorang yang belum cakap hukum melakukan suatu perbuatan hukum, maka perbuatannya tersebut belum dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dan dapat dibatalkan. Sehingga kecakapan hukum ini adalah suatu dasar penentuan seseorang dapat menerima hak dan atau melakukan perbuatan hukum atau tidak.
Dalam kajian ushul fiqh seseorang memiliki kriteria-kriteria kecakapan hukum tertentu, baik dalam hal menerima hak maupun dalam hal melakukan perbuatan hukum. Misalnya seperti usia dewasa atau usia mukallaf. Dalam ushul fiqh, mukallaf tidak ditentukan oleh batas usianya namun dilihat dari munculnya tanda-tanda fisik yang menunjukkan kedewasaan seperti haid bagi perempuan dan mimpi basah bagi laki-laki.
Selain itu terdapat pengecualian atau faktor-faktor yang menghalangi seseorang untuk memiliki kecakapan hukum. Misalnya bagi orang yang telah memenuhi usia dewasa namun akalnya memiliki gangguan seperti gila atau idiot, maka ia tidak memiliki kecakapan untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum.
Kata Kunci : Kecakapan, Perbuatan Hukum, Uh?ul Fiqh
Abstract
Legal prowess is highly important in all fields of law because every legal action requires legal skills. A legal action undertaken by a person without legal prowess cannot be accounted for and therefore can be nullified. Thus, this legal prowess is a basic premise for someone to exercise his rights and undertake a legal action.
In the study of uh?ul fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), a person must possess certain criteria of legal prowess, both in terms of receiving his or her rights and in carrying out legal actions. For example, someone must be a mukallaf, that is of mature age and sound mind. However, in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, a mukallaf’s maturity is not determined by his or her age, but rather by the emergence of certain physical indications that confirms someone’s maturity such as menstruation for women and wet dreams for men.
Furthermore, there are exceptions or factors that prevent someone from having legal skills. For example, people who are of mature age but suffer from such disorders such as mental illness or intellectual disability are not considered to have the necessary qualification to undertake a legal action.
Keywords : Prowess, Legal Action, Uh?ul Fiqh
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