Metode Hitungan Waris Islam Pada Kasus Munasakhat Korban Pandemi Covid-19 dan Bencana Alam

• Raja Ritonga

  Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal

• Liantha Adam Nasution

  STAIN Mandailing Natal

There are so many demises together occurs when epidemic of Corona Virus 19 appears or before disasters as like quake, tsunami, flood, landslide, maountain eruption, fire, plane accident and sink of ship, etc. when someone dies, then his/her wealth will move to others or his/her relatives. Transfer of ownership rights due to cases of death is regulated in the inheritance fiqh. Inheritance’s law is identical with death. In death together case, the counting of heir must be described in detail.  The research design is library research in qualitative way. The death cases are described, and then analyzed in qualitative way and finished by the counting of every death case. The result of this research shows that every deatch case happends, it is a must to do the determining of inheritance. The postponement of determining of inheritance causes new cases, for examples the changing of religion, death, and born a new heirs.  Afterwards, the finishing of death together cases mentioned as munasakhat. Death together in one family can make inherit something to others if the time of death was known. But, if it is unknown, then they can not inherit someone to others although they are one family.

Keywords: demises together; munasakhat; determining inheritance.

Kejadian kematian beruntun banyak terjadi ketika munculnya wabah pandemic covid-19 atau sebab terjadinya bencana alam, seperti gempa, tsunami, banjir, tanah longsor, gunung meletus, kebakaran, pesawat jatuh, kapal tenggelam dan lainnya. Ketika seseorang meninggal dunia, maka harta miliknya akan beralih kepada keluarga dan kerabatnya. Peralihan hak kepemilikan karena kasus kematian diatur dalam fiqh waris. Hukum kewarisan identik dengan masalah kematian. Pada kasus kematian beruntun, penghitungan warisan harus diuraikan secara detail. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah library research dan bersifat kualitatif. Sejumlah kasus kematian dideskripsikan, selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif dan diuraikan cara penyelesaian hitungan waris masing-masing kasus. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini bahwa setiap ada peristiwa kematian, maka harus dilakukan penentuan bagian atau pembagian warisan. Penundaan pembagian warisan secara berlarut-larut dapat mengakibatkan munculnya kasus baru seperti perubahan agama, meninggal dan lahirnya anggota waris yang baru. Kemudian, penyelesaian pada kasus kematian beruntun disebut dengan istilah munasakhat. Meninggal secara beruntun dalam sebuah keluarga bisa saling mewarisi apabila waktu meninggalnya diketahui. Namun, jika tidak diketahui waktunya maka tidak ada saling mewarisi di antara mereka meskipun satu keluarga.

Kata Kunci: kematian beruntun; munasakhat; penentuan warisan.

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