Harmonisasi Hukum Islam dan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Penanganan Nusyuz serta Kontekstualisasinya terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56874/el-ahli.v7i1.3056Kata Kunci:
Nusyuz, Hak Asasi Manusia, Hukum Islam, Maqasid al-Shariah, ProportionalityAbstrak
Tindakan nusyuz merupakan konsep yang berakar dalam konstruksi fiqh klasik dan berkembang menjadi bagian dari sistem hukum keluarga di sejumlah negara Muslim. Namun, formulasi klasiknya kerap dikritik karena berpotensi melanggengkan ketimpangan relasi suami-istri melalui legitimasi kewenangan suami tanpa batas yang terumuskan secara sistematis. Hal ini menimbulkan persoalan perlindungan hukum terhadap istri dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan doktrinal dengan menelaah asas, doktrin, dan konstruksi hukum positif terkait batas-batas hak suami dalam menangani nusyuz. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-kritis melalui penalaran induktif dan deduktif untuk menilai potensi penyalahgunaan kewenangan serta implikasi yuridisnya.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fiqh klasik sebenarnya telah mengandung pembatasan normatif terhadap tindakan suami, baik melalui prinsip bertahap (tadarruj), larangan menyakiti, maupun tujuan korektif sanksi. Namun, pembatasan tersebut belum dirumuskan secara sistematis dalam kerangka relasi kemitraan dan prinsip perlindungan martabat manusia. Dalam konteks Indonesia, setiap tindakan yang melampaui prinsip proporsionalitas dan non-kekerasan dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai pelanggaran hukum, termasuk dalam ranah pidana. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa harmonisasi hukum Islam dan hak asasi manusia dimungkinkan melalui rekonstruksi batas hak suami berbasis maqasid al-shariah, prinsip kemitraan, dan perlindungan terhadap jiwa serta martabat perempuan.
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