Parenting neglect as a contemporary challenge: Reconstructing the concept of Jarīmah Ta’zīr in Islamic criminal law

Yurizka Syahdani Nst; Winda Putri Ardina

Authors

Yurizka Syahdani Nst Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan
Winda Putri Ardina Universitas Negeri Semarang

Keywords:

Parenting neglect, Islamic criminal law, jarīmah ta’zīr, maqāsid al-sharī’ah, child protection

Abstract

Parenting neglect has emerged as a contemporary challenge in child protection. Unlike child neglect under Indonesian positive law, which primarily emphasizes legal consequences, parenting neglect encompasses broader parental omissions, including failures to meet children’s physical, emotional, educational, healthcare, and supervisory needs. This study examines parenting neglect from the perspective of Islamic criminal law and reconstructs its criminalization as jarīmah ta’zīr. Using normative legal research with conceptual and statutory approaches, the study analyzes the Qur’an, Hadith, legislation, classical and contemporary Islamic law, fiqh literature, and relevant scholarly works. The analysis employs the theories of maqāsid al-sharī’ah and jarīmah ta’zīr. The findings demonstrate that parenting neglect violates parents’ sharī’ah-based obligations and causes mafsadah (harm) to the protection of life (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-‘aql), and lineage (hifz al-nasl). The study establishes that parenting neglect does not constitute hudūd or qisās–diyāt offenses but fulfills the characteristics of jarīmah ta’zīr. The proposed reconstruction classifies parenting neglect as jarīmah ta’zīr based on violations of parental obligations and resulting harm to children, with sanctions determined by ulī al-amr according to the severity of neglect, resulting mafsadah, maqāsid al-sharī’ah, and maslahah. This reconstruction provides a normative framework for proportionate sanctions and strengthens child protection in contemporary Islamic criminal law and Indonesia.

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